Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	24
Number of observations	3586
Missing cells	1647
Missing cells (%)	1.9%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	829.4 KiB
Average record size in memory	236.8 B

Variable types

Numeric	16
Categorical	8

Alerts

`title` has a high cardinality: 3119 distinct values	High cardinality
`body` has a high cardinality: 2051 distinct values	High cardinality
`datetime` has a high cardinality: 3120 distinct values	High cardinality
`author` has a high cardinality: 2813 distinct values	High cardinality
`url` has a high cardinality: 3120 distinct values	High cardinality
`Unnamed: 0` is highly overall correlated with `month`	High correlation
`score` is highly overall correlated with `upvote_ratio` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`upvote_ratio` is highly overall correlated with `score` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`num_questions_body` is highly overall correlated with `body_len`	High correlation
`month` is highly overall correlated with `Unnamed: 0`	High correlation
`body_len` is highly overall correlated with `num_questions_body`	High correlation
`tag_index` is highly overall correlated with `tag`	High correlation
`upvote_bins` is highly overall correlated with `score` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`score_bins` is highly overall correlated with `score` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`tag` is highly overall correlated with `tag_index`	High correlation
`author_kind` is highly imbalanced (75.4%)	Imbalance
`bold_B` is highly imbalanced (99.6%)	Imbalance
`body` has 1531 (42.7%) missing values	Missing
`tag` has 116 (3.2%) missing values	Missing
`edit` is highly skewed (γ1 = 42.21950457)	Skewed
`title` is uniformly distributed	Uniform
`body` is uniformly distributed	Uniform
`datetime` is uniformly distributed	Uniform
`url` is uniformly distributed	Uniform
`Unnamed: 0` has unique values	Unique
`num_questions_body` has 1531 (42.7%) zeros	Zeros
`num_cite` has 3342 (93.2%) zeros	Zeros
`body_len` has 1531 (42.7%) zeros	Zeros
`tag_index` has 412 (11.5%) zeros	Zeros
`edit` has 3560 (99.3%) zeros	Zeros
`nice` has 3368 (93.9%) zeros	Zeros
`upvote_bins` has 147 (4.1%) zeros	Zeros
`score_bins` has 361 (10.1%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2023-08-07 07:14:18.655300
Analysis finished	2023-08-07 07:14:54.973752
Duration	36.32 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v3.6.6
Download configuration	config.json

Unnamed: 0
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION UNIQUE

Distinct	3586
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	2065.8338

Minimum	0
Maximum	4203
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	56.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	184.25
Q1	926.25
median	1980.5
Q3	3222.75
95-th percentile	4000.75
Maximum	4203
Range	4203
Interquartile range (IQR)	2296.5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1268.7694
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.61416819
Kurtosis	-1.3424442
Mean	2065.8338
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1148
Skewness	0.047872249
Sum	7408080
Variance	1609775.8
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
285	1	< 0.1%
4123	1	< 0.1%
1102	1	< 0.1%
643	1	< 0.1%
699	1	< 0.1%
481	1	< 0.1%
2410	1	< 0.1%
42	1	< 0.1%
1362	1	< 0.1%
1441	1	< 0.1%
Other values (3576)	3576	99.7%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	< 0.1%
1	1	< 0.1%
2	1	< 0.1%
3	1	< 0.1%
4	1	< 0.1%
5	1	< 0.1%
7	1	< 0.1%
8	1	< 0.1%
9	1	< 0.1%
10	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4203	1	< 0.1%
4202	1	< 0.1%
4201	1	< 0.1%
4200	1	< 0.1%
4199	1	< 0.1%
4198	1	< 0.1%
4197	1	< 0.1%
4196	1	< 0.1%
4195	1	< 0.1%
4194	1	< 0.1%

title
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY UNIFORM

Distinct	3119
Distinct (%)	87.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	56.0 KiB

If hand sanitizer kills 99.99% of germs, then won't the surviving 0.01% make hand sanitizer resistant strains?	3
What happens to water when it freezes and can't expand?	2
Are humans closer in relative size to the planck length or the entire observable universe?	2
What is the ecological impact of toilet paper?	2
Humans seem to have a universally visceral reaction of disgust when seeing most insects and spiders. Do other animal species have this same reaction?	2
Other values (3114)	3575

Length

Max length	299
Median length	223
Mean length	96.863079
Min length	14

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	347351
Distinct characters	104
Distinct categories	15 ?
Distinct scripts	3 ?
Distinct blocks	4 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	2653 ?
Unique (%)	74.0%

Sample

1st row	Where in your body does your food turn brown?
2nd row	Is the Omicron variant affecting the heart like the earlier COVID variants were? Are cardiac effects less likely if one is vaccinated?
3rd row	Why does the water pull back before a tsunami?
4th row	Why do isotopes have a fractional atomic mass?
5th row	Wolfram Alpha says that the UK's life expectancy for men is 77 years. It then says that the chance of living past 80 is 51%. So if most people will live past 80, how can the life expectancy be less?

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
If hand sanitizer kills 99.99% of germs, then won't the surviving 0.01% make hand sanitizer resistant strains?	3	0.1%
What happens to water when it freezes and can't expand?	2	0.1%
Are humans closer in relative size to the planck length or the entire observable universe?	2	0.1%
What is the ecological impact of toilet paper?	2	0.1%
Humans seem to have a universally visceral reaction of disgust when seeing most insects and spiders. Do other animal species have this same reaction?	2	0.1%
Is there a reason all the planets orbit the sun in approximately the same plane and direction?	2	0.1%
Why can hormone therapy make a clitoris grow but can't make a penis grow?	2	0.1%
COVID-19 started with one person getting infected and spread globally: doesn't that mean that as long as there's at least one person infected, there is always the risk of it spiking again? Even if only one person in America is infected, can't that person be the catalyst for another epidemic?	2	0.1%
Do giraffes get struck by lightning more often than other animals?	2	0.1%
Why are Garlic and Onions Poisonous to Dogs and Cats and Not To Humans?	2	0.1%
Other values (3109)	3565	99.4%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
the	2894	4.7%
a	1655	2.7%
of	1433	2.3%
to	1388	2.3%
is	1325	2.2%
in	975	1.6%
and	950	1.6%
how	884	1.4%
do	829	1.4%
why	784	1.3%
Other values (7764)	47941	78.5%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	57488	16.6%
e	34689	10.0%
t	24309	7.0%
a	22485	6.5%
o	21825	6.3%
i	18805	5.4%
s	18399	5.3%
n	18340	5.3%
r	16470	4.7%
h	13311	3.8%
Other values (94)	101230	29.1%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	270843	78.0%
Space Separator	57488	16.6%
Uppercase Letter	8225	2.4%
Other Punctuation	7849	2.3%
Decimal Number	1551	0.4%
Dash Punctuation	458	0.1%
Close Punctuation	294	0.1%
Open Punctuation	294	0.1%
Final Punctuation	204	0.1%
Math Symbol	63	< 0.1%
Other values (5)	82	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	34689	12.8%
t	24309	9.0%
a	22485	8.3%
o	21825	8.1%
i	18805	6.9%
s	18399	6.8%
n	18340	6.8%
r	16470	6.1%
h	13311	4.9%
l	11664	4.3%
Other values (21)	70546	26.0%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
W	1440	17.5%
I	1260	15.3%
H	796	9.7%
D	729	8.9%
A	726	8.8%
C	549	6.7%
S	435	5.3%
M	252	3.1%
E	234	2.8%
O	225	2.7%
Other values (16)	1579	19.2%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
?	4051	51.6%
,	1626	20.7%
'	662	8.4%
.	605	7.7%
"	440	5.6%
/	249	3.2%
%	64	0.8%
:	64	0.8%
!	47	0.6%
&	15	0.2%
Other values (3)	26	0.3%

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	433	27.9%
1	292	18.8%
2	183	11.8%
9	180	11.6%
5	109	7.0%
3	98	6.3%
4	87	5.6%
8	64	4.1%
6	57	3.7%
7	48	3.1%

Math Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
+	27	42.9%
~	13	20.6%
=	12	19.0%
>	4	6.3%
\|	4	6.3%
√	2	3.2%
<	1	1.6%

Final Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
’	153	75.0%
”	50	24.5%
»	1	0.5%

Initial Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
“	51	82.3%
‘	10	16.1%
«	1	1.6%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	455	99.3%
–	3	0.7%

Close Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
)	276	93.9%
]	18	6.1%

Open Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(	276	93.9%
[	18	6.1%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	57488	100.0%

Modifier Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
^	10	100.0%

Currency Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
$	6	100.0%

Other Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
°	2	100.0%

Control

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	2	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	279065	80.3%
Common	68283	19.7%
Greek	3	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	34689	12.4%
t	24309	8.7%
a	22485	8.1%
o	21825	7.8%
i	18805	6.7%
s	18399	6.6%
n	18340	6.6%
r	16470	5.9%
h	13311	4.8%
l	11664	4.2%
Other values (44)	78768	28.2%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	57488	84.2%
?	4051	5.9%
,	1626	2.4%
'	662	1.0%
.	605	0.9%
-	455	0.7%
"	440	0.6%
0	433	0.6%
1	292	0.4%
)	276	0.4%
Other values (37)	1955	2.9%

Greek

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
μ	1	33.3%
σ	1	33.3%
π	1	33.3%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	347072	99.9%
Punctuation	267	0.1%
None	10	< 0.1%
Math Operators	2	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	57488	16.6%
e	34689	10.0%
t	24309	7.0%
a	22485	6.5%
o	21825	6.3%
i	18805	5.4%
s	18399	5.3%
n	18340	5.3%
r	16470	4.7%
h	13311	3.8%
Other values (80)	100951	29.1%

Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
’	153	57.3%
“	51	19.1%
”	50	18.7%
‘	10	3.7%
–	3	1.1%

None

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
é	2	20.0%
°	2	20.0%
μ	1	10.0%
σ	1	10.0%
π	1	10.0%
»	1	10.0%
«	1	10.0%
ö	1	10.0%

Math Operators

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
√	2	100.0%

body
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY MISSING UNIFORM

Distinct	2051
Distinct (%)	99.8%
Missing	1531
Missing (%)	42.7%
Memory size	56.0 KiB

	2
Just curious.	2
	2
Edit: First gold, thank you kind stranger.	2
I know this is maybe a stupid question, but poop is brown, but when you throw up your throw up is just the color of your food. Where does your body make your food brown? (Sorry for my crappy English) Edit: Thank you guys so much for the anwers and thanks dor the gold. This post litteraly started by a friend and me just joking around. Thanks	1
Other values (2046)	2046

Length

Max length	5134
Median length	777
Mean length	420.57762
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	864287
Distinct characters	141
Distinct categories	21 ?
Distinct scripts	4 ?
Distinct blocks	10 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	2047 ?
Unique (%)	99.6%

Sample

1st row	I know this is maybe a stupid question, but poop is brown, but when you throw up your throw up is just the color of your food. Where does your body make your food brown? (Sorry for my crappy English) Edit: Thank you guys so much for the anwers and thanks dor the gold. This post litteraly started by a friend and me just joking around. Thanks
2nd row	As the question asks, why do specific isotopes not have a whole number atomic mass? For instance, Ag-109 has an atomic mass of 108.9047558 amu and not just 109. Or Ag-107 has a mass of 106.9050915 amu.
3rd row	Source: http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=uk+life+expectancy+for+men&dataset=
4th row	How do chemists predict how a chemical reaction or product will behave, I understand how and why molecules combine themselves in the structures they end up in (like H2O for example) I also understand things like the acidity, charge and reactivity of the different elements. But the thing I can't wrap my head around is how we know about the ways a certain molecule will behave, take for example table salt, it is composed of 2 individually dangerous elements but the molecule they produce in this case is completely harmless. So how do chemists predict how these compositions behave. I am a aspiring material / composite engineer (mostly self taught)
5th row	If the force put on us by the spinning Earth is similar to that of a centrifuge, is the gravitational force we feel coming from that spinning, or the mass of the Earth itself?

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	2	0.1%
Just curious.	2	0.1%
	2	0.1%
Edit: First gold, thank you kind stranger.	2	0.1%
I know this is maybe a stupid question, but poop is brown, but when you throw up your throw up is just the color of your food. Where does your body make your food brown? (Sorry for my crappy English) Edit: Thank you guys so much for the anwers and thanks dor the gold. This post litteraly started by a friend and me just joking around. Thanks	1	< 0.1%
Just as the title says, how many average sized male humans would it take to make an average black hole.	1	< 0.1%
Assuming all life started from one cell, the DNA in that cell would get replicated after each division. However, one of the new cells would still contain the "original" DNA. Would this original still exist today? Or would mutations have gotten rid of the original strand/chromosome a while ago?	1	< 0.1%
Isnt bacterials love to eat sugar ? so what is the mechanism here guys ?	1	< 0.1%
I am assuming, since we currently think the universe is expanding, that the centre of the universe is where it all began. Does anyone know where it is and can we get there?	1	< 0.1%
I almost never remember my dreams. For example if I remember 1 a year it's a big deal. This past month I've been on a super restrictive diet, (trying to lose the COVID kilos). However a couple of times I've had a regular meal and then when I go to sleep I have super vivid dreams that I can remember when I wake up. I am wondering if there is any link between a gut biome and dreaming? As lately my gut bacteria has been cut off from its regular sugars and carbs and processed food that it was used to. And then when having a little bit of it back i have dreamed vividly. (I've been on my restrictive diet for a 5 weeks now and have had 3 cheat meals during this time which have each triggered amazing dreams)	1	< 0.1%
Other values (2041)	2041	56.9%
(Missing)	1531	42.7%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
the	6831	4.7%
to	3592	2.5%
a	3397	2.4%
of	3370	2.3%
and	3072	2.1%
is	2654	1.8%
i	2400	1.7%
that	2279	1.6%
in	2206	1.5%
it	2055	1.4%
Other values (13998)	112263	77.9%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	140985	16.3%
e	81317	9.4%
t	63298	7.3%
a	53048	6.1%
o	51380	5.9%
i	47747	5.5%
n	45504	5.3%
s	45440	5.3%
r	38501	4.5%
h	32066	3.7%
Other values (131)	265001	30.7%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	660670	76.4%
Space Separator	141005	16.3%
Other Punctuation	25239	2.9%
Uppercase Letter	19095	2.2%
Decimal Number	6132	0.7%
Control	4856	0.6%
Dash Punctuation	2238	0.3%
Close Punctuation	1762	0.2%
Open Punctuation	1699	0.2%
Final Punctuation	527	0.1%
Other values (11)	1064	0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	81317	12.3%
t	63298	9.6%
a	53048	8.0%
o	51380	7.8%
i	47747	7.2%
n	45504	6.9%
s	45440	6.9%
r	38501	5.8%
h	32066	4.9%
l	27636	4.2%
Other values (31)	174733	26.4%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
I	4586	24.0%
A	1636	8.6%
T	1522	8.0%
S	1211	6.3%
W	1116	5.8%
D	896	4.7%
E	825	4.3%
C	823	4.3%
H	758	4.0%
M	709	3.7%
Other values (18)	5013	26.3%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
.	6555	26.0%
,	5815	23.0%
/	3168	12.6%
?	3091	12.2%
'	2406	9.5%
:	1244	4.9%
*	1064	4.2%
"	865	3.4%
!	377	1.5%
%	185	0.7%
Other values (8)	469	1.9%

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1386	22.6%
1	1161	18.9%
2	1018	16.6%
5	463	7.6%
3	458	7.5%
9	389	6.3%
4	385	6.3%
6	347	5.7%
8	272	4.4%
7	253	4.1%

Math Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
=	152	35.9%
+	100	23.6%
>	68	16.1%
~	53	12.5%
\|	43	10.2%
<	6	1.4%
√	1	0.2%

Other Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
²	7	28.0%
₂	6	24.0%
₁	6	24.0%
⁰	4	16.0%
³	2	8.0%

Open Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(	1310	77.1%
[	385	22.7%
„	3	0.2%
{	1	0.1%

Other Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
°	8	66.7%
😊	2	16.7%
😭	1	8.3%
®	1	8.3%

Control

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	4842	99.7%
	10	0.2%
	4	0.1%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	2202	98.4%
—	24	1.1%
–	12	0.5%

Close Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
)	1376	78.1%
]	385	21.9%
}	1	0.1%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	140985	> 99.9%
	20	< 0.1%

Final Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
’	456	86.5%
”	71	13.5%

Initial Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
“	71	86.6%
‘	11	13.4%

Modifier Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
^	45	95.7%
`	2	4.3%

Modifier Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ː	3	50.0%
ˈ	3	50.0%

Connector Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
_	463	100.0%

Currency Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
$	3	100.0%

Format

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	1	100.0%

Other Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ʔ	1	100.0%

Nonspacing Mark

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
͗	1	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	679756	78.6%
Common	184520	21.3%
Greek	10	< 0.1%
Inherited	1	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per script

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	140985	76.4%
.	6555	3.6%
,	5815	3.2%
	4842	2.6%
/	3168	1.7%
?	3091	1.7%
'	2406	1.3%
-	2202	1.2%
0	1386	0.8%
)	1376	0.7%
Other values (60)	12694	6.9%

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	81317	12.0%
t	63298	9.3%
a	53048	7.8%
o	51380	7.6%
i	47747	7.0%
n	45504	6.7%
s	45440	6.7%
r	38501	5.7%
h	32066	4.7%
l	27636	4.1%
Other values (54)	193819	28.5%

Greek

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
β	3	30.0%
α	2	20.0%
ϵ	2	20.0%
γ	1	10.0%
δ	1	10.0%
Ψ	1	10.0%

Inherited

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
͗	1	100.0%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	863527	99.9%
Punctuation	667	0.1%
None	78	< 0.1%
Modifier Letters	6	< 0.1%
Emoticons	3	< 0.1%
IPA Ext	2	< 0.1%
Latin Ext Additional	1	< 0.1%
Math Operators	1	< 0.1%
Alphabetic PF	1	< 0.1%
Diacriticals	1	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	140985	16.3%
e	81317	9.4%
t	63298	7.3%
a	53048	6.1%
o	51380	6.0%
i	47747	5.5%
n	45504	5.3%
s	45440	5.3%
r	38501	4.5%
h	32066	3.7%
Other values (88)	264241	30.6%

Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
’	456	68.4%
”	71	10.6%
“	71	10.6%
—	24	3.6%
…	13	1.9%
–	12	1.8%
‘	11	1.6%
•	6	0.9%
„	3	0.4%

None

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	20	25.6%
°	8	10.3%
²	7	9.0%
₂	6	7.7%
₁	6	7.7%
⁰	4	5.1%
é	4	5.1%
β	3	3.8%
α	2	2.6%
³	2	2.6%
Other values (14)	16	20.5%

Modifier Letters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ː	3	50.0%
ˈ	3	50.0%

Emoticons

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
😊	2	66.7%
😭	1	33.3%

Latin Ext Additional

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ḫ	1	100.0%

Math Operators

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
√	1	100.0%

IPA Ext

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ʔ	1	50.0%
ʕ	1	50.0%

Alphabetic PF

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ﬁ	1	100.0%

Diacriticals

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
͗	1	100.0%

tag
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION MISSING

Distinct	28
Distinct (%)	0.8%
Missing	116
Missing (%)	3.2%
Memory size	56.0 KiB

biology	639
physics	532
human body	412
medicine	298
earth sciences	278
Other values (23)	1311

Length

Max length	27
Median length	17
Mean length	9.2184438
Min length	4

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	31988
Distinct characters	26
Distinct categories	5 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	5 ?
Unique (%)	0.1%

Sample

1st row	human body
2nd row	covid-19
3rd row	earth sciences
4th row	chemistry
5th row	mathematics

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
biology	639	17.8%
physics	532	14.8%
human body	412	11.5%
medicine	298	8.3%
earth sciences	278	7.8%
astronomy	231	6.4%
chemistry	196	5.5%
covid-19	175	4.9%
engineering	167	4.7%
planetary sci.	105	2.9%
Other values (18)	437	12.2%
(Missing)	116	3.2%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
biology	641	14.9%
physics	532	12.4%
human	412	9.6%
body	412	9.6%
medicine	298	6.9%
earth	280	6.5%
sciences	280	6.5%
astronomy	231	5.4%
chemistry	196	4.6%
covid-19	175	4.1%
Other values (29)	834	19.4%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
i	3218	10.1%
o	2894	9.0%
e	2702	8.4%
s	2498	7.8%
c	2362	7.4%
y	2344	7.3%
n	2201	6.9%
h	1598	5.0%
a	1394	4.4%
m	1350	4.2%
Other values (16)	9427	29.5%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	30537	95.5%
Space Separator	821	2.6%
Decimal Number	350	1.1%
Dash Punctuation	175	0.5%
Other Punctuation	105	0.3%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
i	3218	10.5%
o	2894	9.5%
e	2702	8.8%
s	2498	8.2%
c	2362	7.7%
y	2344	7.7%
n	2201	7.2%
h	1598	5.2%
a	1394	4.6%
m	1350	4.4%
Other values (11)	7976	26.1%

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	175	50.0%
9	175	50.0%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	821	100.0%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	175	100.0%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
.	105	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	30537	95.5%
Common	1451	4.5%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
i	3218	10.5%
o	2894	9.5%
e	2702	8.8%
s	2498	8.2%
c	2362	7.7%
y	2344	7.7%
n	2201	7.2%
h	1598	5.2%
a	1394	4.6%
m	1350	4.4%
Other values (11)	7976	26.1%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	821	56.6%
-	175	12.1%
1	175	12.1%
9	175	12.1%
.	105	7.2%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	31988	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
i	3218	10.1%
o	2894	9.0%
e	2702	8.4%
s	2498	7.8%
c	2362	7.4%
y	2344	7.3%
n	2201	6.9%
h	1598	5.0%
a	1394	4.4%
m	1350	4.2%
Other values (16)	9427	29.5%

datetime
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY UNIFORM

Distinct	3120
Distinct (%)	87.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	56.0 KiB

2017-11-26 22:22:01	2
2017-10-07 08:57:33	2
2017-02-05 05:11:47	2
2018-11-11 07:17:42	2
2020-03-03 04:59:11	2
Other values (3115)	3576

Length

Max length	19
Median length	19
Mean length	19
Min length	19

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	68134
Distinct characters	13
Distinct categories	4 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	2654 ?
Unique (%)	74.0%

Sample

1st row	2019-04-01 10:59:58
2nd row	2022-02-07 14:39:54
3rd row	2022-01-13 14:08:14
4th row	2022-11-12 10:23:09
5th row	2012-12-26 04:30:15

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2017-11-26 22:22:01	2	0.1%
2017-10-07 08:57:33	2	0.1%
2017-02-05 05:11:47	2	0.1%
2018-11-11 07:17:42	2	0.1%
2020-03-03 04:59:11	2	0.1%
2017-01-03 03:52:48	2	0.1%
2019-06-15 03:53:21	2	0.1%
2020-07-15 10:50:00	2	0.1%
2017-03-29 08:25:25	2	0.1%
2020-09-29 01:37:16	2	0.1%
Other values (3110)	3566	99.4%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2022-11-30	37	0.5%
2022-01-31	27	0.4%
2022-11-23	27	0.4%
2022-02-06	25	0.3%
2022-01-16	23	0.3%
2022-01-26	23	0.3%
2022-01-18	22	0.3%
2022-01-24	22	0.3%
2022-02-05	21	0.3%
2022-11-02	21	0.3%
Other values (4538)	6924	96.5%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	12487	18.3%
0	12296	18.0%
1	8953	13.1%
-	7172	10.5%
:	7172	10.5%
	3586	5.3%
3	3297	4.8%
4	2903	4.3%
5	2842	4.2%
7	1963	2.9%
Other values (3)	5463	8.0%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Decimal Number	50204	73.7%
Dash Punctuation	7172	10.5%
Other Punctuation	7172	10.5%
Space Separator	3586	5.3%

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	12487	24.9%
0	12296	24.5%
1	8953	17.8%
3	3297	6.6%
4	2903	5.8%
5	2842	5.7%
7	1963	3.9%
8	1955	3.9%
9	1759	3.5%
6	1749	3.5%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	7172	100.0%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
:	7172	100.0%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	3586	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Common	68134	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	12487	18.3%
0	12296	18.0%
1	8953	13.1%
-	7172	10.5%
:	7172	10.5%
	3586	5.3%
3	3297	4.8%
4	2903	4.3%
5	2842	4.2%
7	1963	2.9%
Other values (3)	5463	8.0%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	68134	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	12487	18.3%
0	12296	18.0%
1	8953	13.1%
-	7172	10.5%
:	7172	10.5%
	3586	5.3%
3	3297	4.8%
4	2903	4.3%
5	2842	4.2%
7	1963	2.9%
Other values (3)	5463	8.0%

author
Categorical

Distinct	2813
Distinct (%)	78.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	56.0 KiB

DELETED	188
AskScienceModerator	43
inquilinekea	8
Gargatua13013	6
Toorelad	6
Other values (2808)	3335

Length

Max length	20
Median length	15
Mean length	11.358896
Min length	3

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	40733
Distinct characters	64
Distinct categories	5 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	2320 ?
Unique (%)	64.7%

Sample

1st row	Ayko03
2nd row	uoflcards22
3rd row	BiLeftHanded
4th row	MSPaintIsBetter
5th row	Briggykins

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
DELETED	188	5.2%
AskScienceModerator	43	1.2%
inquilinekea	8	0.2%
Gargatua13013	6	0.2%
Toorelad	6	0.2%
RichardsonM24	5	0.1%
Most-Ant2788	5	0.1%
AsAChemicalEngineer	5	0.1%
PHealthy	5	0.1%
jamx02	4	0.1%
Other values (2803)	3311	92.3%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
deleted	188	5.2%
asksciencemoderator	43	1.2%
inquilinekea	8	0.2%
gargatua13013	6	0.2%
toorelad	6	0.2%
richardsonm24	5	0.1%
most-ant2788	5	0.1%
asachemicalengineer	5	0.1%
phealthy	5	0.1%
callmemateo	4	0.1%
Other values (2803)	3311	92.3%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	3477	8.5%
a	2952	7.2%
o	2535	6.2%
r	2430	6.0%
i	2208	5.4%
n	2180	5.4%
t	1971	4.8%
s	1724	4.2%
l	1541	3.8%
u	1133	2.8%
Other values (54)	18582	45.6%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	31337	76.9%
Uppercase Letter	5820	14.3%
Decimal Number	2579	6.3%
Connector Punctuation	727	1.8%
Dash Punctuation	270	0.7%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	3477	11.1%
a	2952	9.4%
o	2535	8.1%
r	2430	7.8%
i	2208	7.0%
n	2180	7.0%
t	1971	6.3%
s	1724	5.5%
l	1541	4.9%
u	1133	3.6%
Other values (16)	9186	29.3%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
E	750	12.9%
D	602	10.3%
T	530	9.1%
S	423	7.3%
L	361	6.2%
A	358	6.2%
M	354	6.1%
C	266	4.6%
B	253	4.3%
R	204	3.5%
Other values (16)	1719	29.5%

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	419	16.2%
2	363	14.1%
0	284	11.0%
4	276	10.7%
9	267	10.4%
3	244	9.5%
7	222	8.6%
6	186	7.2%
8	166	6.4%
5	152	5.9%

Connector Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
_	727	100.0%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	270	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	37157	91.2%
Common	3576	8.8%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	3477	9.4%
a	2952	7.9%
o	2535	6.8%
r	2430	6.5%
i	2208	5.9%
n	2180	5.9%
t	1971	5.3%
s	1724	4.6%
l	1541	4.1%
u	1133	3.0%
Other values (42)	15006	40.4%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
_	727	20.3%
1	419	11.7%
2	363	10.2%
0	284	7.9%
4	276	7.7%
-	270	7.6%
9	267	7.5%
3	244	6.8%
7	222	6.2%
6	186	5.2%
Other values (2)	318	8.9%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	40733	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	3477	8.5%
a	2952	7.2%
o	2535	6.2%
r	2430	6.0%
i	2208	5.4%
n	2180	5.4%
t	1971	4.8%
s	1724	4.2%
l	1541	3.8%
u	1133	2.8%
Other values (54)	18582	45.6%

score
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	1745
Distinct (%)	48.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	4236.9389

Minimum	1
Maximum	83382
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	56.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	8
median	150.5
Q3	7975.75
95-th percentile	13936.5
Maximum	83382
Range	83381
Interquartile range (IQR)	7967.75

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	5790.3025
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.366624
Kurtosis	16.362776
Mean	4236.9389
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	149.5
Skewness	2.4165732
Sum	15193663
Variance	33527603
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	210	5.9%
2	151	4.2%
3	132	3.7%
4	106	3.0%
6	100	2.8%
5	96	2.7%
7	79	2.2%
8	64	1.8%
10	64	1.8%
11	62	1.7%
Other values (1735)	2522	70.3%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	210	5.9%
2	151	4.2%
3	132	3.7%
4	106	3.0%
5	96	2.7%
6	100	2.8%
7	79	2.2%
8	64	1.8%
9	54	1.5%
10	64	1.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
83382	1	< 0.1%
65835	1	< 0.1%
51927	1	< 0.1%
39288	1	< 0.1%
37681	1	< 0.1%
34365	1	< 0.1%
34357	1	< 0.1%
32564	1	< 0.1%
32562	1	< 0.1%
32346	1	< 0.1%

upvote_ratio
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	49
Distinct (%)	1.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.80674568

Minimum	0.5
Maximum	1
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	56.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.5
5-th percentile	0.53
Q1	0.7
median	0.87
Q3	0.9275
95-th percentile	0.95
Maximum	1
Range	0.5
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.2275

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.14600694
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.18098261
Kurtosis	-0.82615547
Mean	0.80674568
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.07
Skewness	-0.78830525
Sum	2892.99
Variance	0.021318026
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=49)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.94	276	7.7%
0.93	253	7.1%
0.92	233	6.5%
0.95	224	6.2%
0.91	193	5.4%
0.9	189	5.3%
0.89	139	3.9%
0.88	127	3.5%
0.52	108	3.0%
0.53	100	2.8%
Other values (39)	1744	48.6%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.5	1	< 0.1%
0.51	38	1.1%
0.52	108	3.0%
0.53	100	2.8%
0.54	75	2.1%
0.55	63	1.8%
0.56	63	1.8%
0.57	44	1.2%
0.58	37	1.0%
0.59	31	0.9%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	44	1.2%
0.97	5	0.1%
0.96	95	2.6%
0.95	224	6.2%
0.94	276	7.7%
0.93	253	7.1%
0.92	233	6.5%
0.91	193	5.4%
0.9	189	5.3%
0.89	139	3.9%

url
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY UNIFORM

Distinct	3120
Distinct (%)	87.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	56.0 KiB

https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/7ft65h/if_light_can_travel_freely_through_space_why_isnt/	2
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/74vncq/is_it_possible_to_put_my_bare_foot_on_the_moon/	2
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/5s7ago/are_humans_closer_in_relative_size_to_the_planck/	2
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/9w4iyv/what_is_the_ecological_impact_of_toilet_paper/	2
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/fcu7ak/humans_seem_to_have_a_universally_visceral/	2
Other values (3115)	3576

Length

Max length	103
Median length	100
Mean length	97.809537
Min length	39

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	350745
Distinct characters	41
Distinct categories	4 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	2 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	2654 ?
Unique (%)	74.0%

Sample

1st row	https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/b863wm/where_in_your_body_does_your_food_turn_brown/
2nd row	https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/sn3a8e/is_the_omicron_variant_affecting_the_heart_like/
3rd row	https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/s3b34v/why_does_the_water_pull_back_before_a_tsunami/
4th row	https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/yteky2/why_do_isotopes_have_a_fractional_atomic_mass/
5th row	https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/15grw8/wolfram_alpha_says_that_the_uks_life_expectancy/

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/7ft65h/if_light_can_travel_freely_through_space_why_isnt/	2	0.1%
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/74vncq/is_it_possible_to_put_my_bare_foot_on_the_moon/	2	0.1%
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/5s7ago/are_humans_closer_in_relative_size_to_the_planck/	2	0.1%
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/9w4iyv/what_is_the_ecological_impact_of_toilet_paper/	2	0.1%
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/fcu7ak/humans_seem_to_have_a_universally_visceral/	2	0.1%
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/5lrjgz/is_there_a_reason_all_the_planets_orbit_the_sun/	2	0.1%
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/c0w2xv/why_can_hormone_therapy_make_a_clitoris_grow_but/	2	0.1%
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/hrsap6/covid19_started_with_one_person_getting_infected/	2	0.1%
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/627akk/do_giraffes_get_struck_by_lightning_more_often/	2	0.1%
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/j1vdwu/why_are_garlic_and_onions_poisonous_to_dogs_and/	2	0.1%
Other values (3110)	3566	99.4%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/7ft65h/if_light_can_travel_freely_through_space_why_isnt	2	0.1%
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/7rxv4o/what_exactly_is_happening_to_your_nerves_when	2	0.1%
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/9t3wnx/if_you_were_to_fall_down_a_skyscrapers_elevator	2	0.1%
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/9frpsu/if_a_person_is_paralyzed_from_the_neck_down_does	2	0.1%
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/o1zuxt/does_mars_have_caves_and_if_we_discover_a_large	2	0.1%
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/9ssf5r/does_dyslexia_occur_in_blind_people_for_instance	2	0.1%
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/aqyjdm/if_for_some_reason_you_have_a_handful_of_feces_in	2	0.1%
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/5l7nj4/if_we_could_drain_the_ocean_could_we_breath_or	2	0.1%
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/gtdmys/what_is_the_diameter_of_a_lightning_they_are	2	0.1%
https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/9j1us0/have_humans_always_had_an_all_year_round_mating	2	0.1%
Other values (3110)	3566	99.4%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	31512	9.0%
/	28685	8.2%
_	26472	7.5%
t	25958	7.4%
s	24609	7.0%
c	19541	5.6%
o	18452	5.3%
i	17292	4.9%
n	16386	4.7%
a	15627	4.5%
Other values (31)	126211	36.0%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	278176	79.3%
Other Punctuation	39443	11.2%
Connector Punctuation	26472	7.5%
Decimal Number	6654	1.9%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	31512	11.3%
t	25958	9.3%
s	24609	8.8%
c	19541	7.0%
o	18452	6.6%
i	17292	6.2%
n	16386	5.9%
a	15627	5.6%
r	15453	5.6%
w	15265	5.5%
Other values (17)	78081	28.1%

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3	710	10.7%
1	710	10.7%
8	700	10.5%
9	694	10.4%
7	693	10.4%
2	677	10.2%
6	632	9.5%
0	614	9.2%
5	614	9.2%
4	610	9.2%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
/	28685	72.7%
.	7172	18.2%
:	3586	9.1%

Connector Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
_	26472	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	278176	79.3%
Common	72569	20.7%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	31512	11.3%
t	25958	9.3%
s	24609	8.8%
c	19541	7.0%
o	18452	6.6%
i	17292	6.2%
n	16386	5.9%
a	15627	5.6%
r	15453	5.6%
w	15265	5.5%
Other values (17)	78081	28.1%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
/	28685	39.5%
_	26472	36.5%
.	7172	9.9%
:	3586	4.9%
3	710	1.0%
1	710	1.0%
8	700	1.0%
9	694	1.0%
7	693	1.0%
2	677	0.9%
Other values (4)	2470	3.4%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	350744	> 99.9%
None	1	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	31512	9.0%
/	28685	8.2%
_	26472	7.5%
t	25958	7.4%
s	24609	7.0%
c	19541	5.6%
o	18452	5.3%
i	17292	4.9%
n	16386	4.7%
a	15627	4.5%
Other values (30)	126210	36.0%

None

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ö	1	100.0%

num_questions_title
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	6
Distinct (%)	0.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.1678751

Minimum	1
Maximum	6
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	56.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	1
median	1
Q3	1
95-th percentile	2
Maximum	6
Range	5
Interquartile range (IQR)	0

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.44594538
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.38184339
Kurtosis	15.302009
Mean	1.1678751
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	3.2980802
Sum	4188
Variance	0.19886728
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=6)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	3067	85.5%
2	452	12.6%
3	57	1.6%
4	5	0.1%
5	4	0.1%
6	1	< 0.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	3067	85.5%
2	452	12.6%
3	57	1.6%
4	5	0.1%
5	4	0.1%
6	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
6	1	< 0.1%
5	4	0.1%
4	5	0.1%
3	57	1.6%
2	452	12.6%
1	3067	85.5%

num_questions_body
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION ZEROS

Distinct	15
Distinct (%)	0.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.1385945

Minimum	0
Maximum	14
Zeros	1531
Zeros (%)	42.7%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	56.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	1
Q3	2
95-th percentile	4
Maximum	14
Range	14
Interquartile range (IQR)	2

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.4250321
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.2515712
Kurtosis	8.1943078
Mean	1.1385945
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	2.1212569
Sum	4083
Variance	2.0307165
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=15)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1531	42.7%
1	965	26.9%
2	592	16.5%
3	278	7.8%
4	117	3.3%
5	57	1.6%
6	21	0.6%
8	8	0.2%
7	6	0.2%
9	5	0.1%
Other values (5)	6	0.2%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1531	42.7%
1	965	26.9%
2	592	16.5%
3	278	7.8%
4	117	3.3%
5	57	1.6%
6	21	0.6%
7	6	0.2%
8	8	0.2%
9	5	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
14	1	< 0.1%
13	1	< 0.1%
12	1	< 0.1%
11	1	< 0.1%
10	2	0.1%
9	5	0.1%
8	8	0.2%
7	6	0.2%
6	21	0.6%
5	57	1.6%

num_cite
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	15
Distinct (%)	0.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.15476854

Minimum	0
Maximum	19
Zeros	3342
Zeros (%)	93.2%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	56.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	0
95-th percentile	1
Maximum	19
Range	19
Interquartile range (IQR)	0

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.87505385
Coefficient of variation (CV)	5.6539515
Kurtosis	163.31603
Mean	0.15476854
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	10.943614
Sum	555
Variance	0.76571924
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=15)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3342	93.2%
1	137	3.8%
2	49	1.4%
3	22	0.6%
4	12	0.3%
6	6	0.2%
5	4	0.1%
10	4	0.1%
7	3	0.1%
9	2	0.1%
Other values (5)	5	0.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3342	93.2%
1	137	3.8%
2	49	1.4%
3	22	0.6%
4	12	0.3%
5	4	0.1%
6	6	0.2%
7	3	0.1%
8	1	< 0.1%
9	2	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
19	1	< 0.1%
17	1	< 0.1%
15	1	< 0.1%
12	1	< 0.1%
10	4	0.1%
9	2	0.1%
8	1	< 0.1%
7	3	0.1%
6	6	0.2%
5	4	0.1%

author_kind
Categorical

Distinct	3
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	56.0 KiB

0	3355
1	188
2	43

Length

Max length	1
Median length	1
Mean length	1
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	3586
Distinct characters	3
Distinct categories	1 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	0
2nd row	0
3rd row	0
4th row	0
5th row	0

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3355	93.6%
1	188	5.2%
2	43	1.2%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Common Values (Plot)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3355	93.6%
1	188	5.2%
2	43	1.2%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3355	93.6%
1	188	5.2%
2	43	1.2%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Decimal Number	3586	100.0%

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3355	93.6%
1	188	5.2%
2	43	1.2%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Common	3586	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3355	93.6%
1	188	5.2%
2	43	1.2%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	3586	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3355	93.6%
1	188	5.2%
2	43	1.2%

year
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	13
Distinct (%)	0.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	2019.6475

Minimum	2010
Maximum	2022
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	56.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2010
5-th percentile	2014
Q1	2018
median	2021
Q3	2022
95-th percentile	2022
Maximum	2022
Range	12
Interquartile range (IQR)	4

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.853096
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.0014126703
Kurtosis	0.62807355
Mean	2019.6475
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	-1.1554806
Sum	7242456
Variance	8.140157
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=13)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2022	1650	46.0%
2018	360	10.0%
2020	353	9.8%
2017	309	8.6%
2019	279	7.8%
2021	169	4.7%
2016	128	3.6%
2015	92	2.6%
2014	71	2.0%
2012	67	1.9%
Other values (3)	108	3.0%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2010	1	< 0.1%
2011	57	1.6%
2012	67	1.9%
2013	50	1.4%
2014	71	2.0%
2015	92	2.6%
2016	128	3.6%
2017	309	8.6%
2018	360	10.0%
2019	279	7.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2022	1650	46.0%
2021	169	4.7%
2020	353	9.8%
2019	279	7.8%
2018	360	10.0%
2017	309	8.6%
2016	128	3.6%
2015	92	2.6%
2014	71	2.0%
2013	50	1.4%

month
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	12
Distinct (%)	0.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	6.133575

Minimum	1
Maximum	12
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	56.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	2
median	6
Q3	10
95-th percentile	12
Maximum	12
Range	11
Interquartile range (IQR)	8

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.9488013
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.64380092
Kurtosis	-1.5805461
Mean	6.133575
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	4
Skewness	0.10024307
Sum	21995
Variance	15.593031
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=12)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	554	15.4%
11	552	15.4%
1	487	13.6%
10	358	10.0%
3	351	9.8%
12	251	7.0%
8	193	5.4%
4	181	5.0%
7	172	4.8%
6	168	4.7%
Other values (2)	319	8.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	487	13.6%
2	554	15.4%
3	351	9.8%
4	181	5.0%
5	167	4.7%
6	168	4.7%
7	172	4.8%
8	193	5.4%
9	152	4.2%
10	358	10.0%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
12	251	7.0%
11	552	15.4%
10	358	10.0%
9	152	4.2%
8	193	5.4%
7	172	4.8%
6	168	4.7%
5	167	4.7%
4	181	5.0%
3	351	9.8%

day
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	31
Distinct (%)	0.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	15.467652

Minimum	1
Maximum	31
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	56.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	2
Q1	8
median	15
Q3	23
95-th percentile	30
Maximum	31
Range	30
Interquartile range (IQR)	15

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	8.8319622
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.57099566
Kurtosis	-1.1809473
Mean	15.467652
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	8
Skewness	0.063214525
Sum	55467
Variance	78.003556
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=31)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
12	155	4.3%
1	139	3.9%
7	136	3.8%
15	132	3.7%
8	130	3.6%
26	129	3.6%
13	125	3.5%
23	125	3.5%
27	122	3.4%
3	121	3.4%
Other values (21)	2272	63.4%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	139	3.9%
2	105	2.9%
3	121	3.4%
4	121	3.4%
5	119	3.3%
6	118	3.3%
7	136	3.8%
8	130	3.6%
9	107	3.0%
10	113	3.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
31	78	2.2%
30	113	3.2%
29	102	2.8%
28	98	2.7%
27	122	3.4%
26	129	3.6%
25	84	2.3%
24	121	3.4%
23	125	3.5%
22	116	3.2%

title_len
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	254
Distinct (%)	7.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	96.863079

Minimum	14
Maximum	299
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	56.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	14
5-th percentile	36
Q1	58
median	85
Q3	121
95-th percentile	202
Maximum	299
Range	285
Interquartile range (IQR)	63

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	52.332234
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.54027019
Kurtosis	1.6414075
Mean	96.863079
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	30
Skewness	1.2559995
Sum	347351
Variance	2738.6627
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
57	49	1.4%
55	48	1.3%
60	47	1.3%
51	44	1.2%
78	43	1.2%
83	43	1.2%
88	41	1.1%
66	41	1.1%
53	41	1.1%
58	40	1.1%
Other values (244)	3149	87.8%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
14	1	< 0.1%
18	3	0.1%
19	2	0.1%
20	5	0.1%
21	5	0.1%
22	4	0.1%
23	5	0.1%
24	8	0.2%
25	4	0.1%
26	9	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
299	4	0.1%
298	1	< 0.1%
297	3	0.1%
296	1	< 0.1%
295	3	0.1%
294	3	0.1%
292	3	0.1%
291	1	< 0.1%
290	1	< 0.1%
287	2	0.1%

body_len
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION ZEROS

Distinct	856
Distinct (%)	23.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	241.01701

Minimum	0
Maximum	5134
Zeros	1531
Zeros (%)	42.7%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	56.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	100.5
Q3	334
95-th percentile	896
Maximum	5134
Range	5134
Interquartile range (IQR)	334

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	420.45538
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.744505
Kurtosis	33.92663
Mean	241.01701
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	100.5
Skewness	4.6146839
Sum	864287
Variance	176782.73
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1531	42.7%
139	10	0.3%
296	9	0.3%
105	8	0.2%
172	8	0.2%
334	8	0.2%
116	8	0.2%
96	8	0.2%
217	8	0.2%
110	8	0.2%
Other values (846)	1980	55.2%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1531	42.7%
1	2	0.1%
6	1	< 0.1%
7	1	< 0.1%
8	3	0.1%
10	1	< 0.1%
13	2	0.1%
14	3	0.1%
16	1	< 0.1%
17	2	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5134	1	< 0.1%
5003	1	< 0.1%
4515	1	< 0.1%
4431	1	< 0.1%
4233	2	0.1%
4190	1	< 0.1%
4125	1	< 0.1%
4104	1	< 0.1%
3991	1	< 0.1%
3699	1	< 0.1%

tag_index
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION ZEROS

Distinct	29
Distinct (%)	0.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	6.5462911

Minimum	0
Maximum	29
Zeros	412
Zeros (%)	11.5%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	56.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	2
median	4
Q3	9
95-th percentile	17
Maximum	29
Range	29
Interquartile range (IQR)	7

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	5.3566996
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.81828007
Kurtosis	0.23951044
Mean	6.5462911
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	4
Skewness	0.90846947
Sum	23475
Variance	28.69423
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=29)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4	639	17.8%
2	532	14.8%
0	412	11.5%
3	298	8.3%
8	278	7.8%
9	231	6.4%
15	196	5.5%
7	175	4.9%
13	167	4.7%
11	116	3.2%
Other values (19)	542	15.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	412	11.5%
1	2	0.1%
2	532	14.8%
3	298	8.3%
4	639	17.8%
5	96	2.7%
6	47	1.3%
7	175	4.9%
8	278	7.8%
9	231	6.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
29	1	< 0.1%
27	1	< 0.1%
26	12	0.3%
25	2	0.1%
24	12	0.3%
23	1	< 0.1%
22	1	< 0.1%
21	2	0.1%
20	1	< 0.1%
19	72	2.0%

edit
Real number (ℝ)

SKEWED ZEROS

Distinct	6
Distinct (%)	0.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.013385388

Minimum	0
Maximum	14
Zeros	3560
Zeros (%)	99.3%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	56.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	0
95-th percentile	0
Maximum	14
Range	14
Interquartile range (IQR)	0

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.26688842
Coefficient of variation (CV)	19.938789
Kurtosis	2127.2198
Mean	0.013385388
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	42.219505
Sum	48
Variance	0.071229429
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=6)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3560	99.3%
1	19	0.5%
2	4	0.1%
14	1	< 0.1%
3	1	< 0.1%
4	1	< 0.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3560	99.3%
1	19	0.5%
2	4	0.1%
3	1	< 0.1%
4	1	< 0.1%
14	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
14	1	< 0.1%
4	1	< 0.1%
3	1	< 0.1%
2	4	0.1%
1	19	0.5%
0	3560	99.3%

bold_B
Categorical

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	56.0 KiB

0	3585
1	1

Length

Max length	1
Median length	1
Mean length	1
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	3586
Distinct characters	2
Distinct categories	1 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	1 ?
Unique (%)	< 0.1%

Sample

1st row	0
2nd row	0
3rd row	0
4th row	0
5th row	0

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3585	> 99.9%
1	1	< 0.1%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Common Values (Plot)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3585	> 99.9%
1	1	< 0.1%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3585	> 99.9%
1	1	< 0.1%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Decimal Number	3586	100.0%

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3585	> 99.9%
1	1	< 0.1%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Common	3586	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3585	> 99.9%
1	1	< 0.1%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	3586	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3585	> 99.9%
1	1	< 0.1%

nice
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	6
Distinct (%)	0.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.07334077

Minimum	0
Maximum	5
Zeros	3368
Zeros (%)	93.9%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	56.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	0
95-th percentile	1
Maximum	5
Range	5
Interquartile range (IQR)	0

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.32544846
Coefficient of variation (CV)	4.4374836
Kurtosis	57.983823
Mean	0.07334077
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	6.3481164
Sum	263
Variance	0.1059167
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=6)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3368	93.9%
1	188	5.2%
2	21	0.6%
3	5	0.1%
5	2	0.1%
4	2	0.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3368	93.9%
1	188	5.2%
2	21	0.6%
3	5	0.1%
4	2	0.1%
5	2	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5	2	0.1%
4	2	0.1%
3	5	0.1%
2	21	0.6%
1	188	5.2%
0	3368	93.9%

upvote_bins
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION ZEROS

Distinct	20
Distinct (%)	0.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	11.652538

Minimum	0
Maximum	19
Zeros	147
Zeros (%)	4.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	56.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	1
Q1	7
median	14
Q3	16.75
95-th percentile	17
Maximum	19
Range	19
Interquartile range (IQR)	9.75

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	5.8341815
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.50067905
Kurtosis	-0.83811815
Mean	11.652538
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3
Skewness	-0.78616029
Sum	41786
Variance	34.037674
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=20)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
17	753	21.0%
15	455	12.7%
16	426	11.9%
1	238	6.6%
14	180	5.0%
13	177	4.9%
0	147	4.1%
11	128	3.6%
9	125	3.5%
3	113	3.2%
Other values (10)	844	23.5%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	147	4.1%
1	238	6.6%
2	107	3.0%
3	113	3.2%
4	49	1.4%
5	104	2.9%
6	78	2.2%
7	93	2.6%
8	79	2.2%
9	125	3.5%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
19	44	1.2%
18	100	2.8%
17	753	21.0%
16	426	11.9%
15	455	12.7%
14	180	5.0%
13	177	4.9%
12	98	2.7%
11	128	3.6%
10	92	2.6%

score_bins
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION ZEROS

Distinct	15
Distinct (%)	0.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	6.9135527

Minimum	0
Maximum	14
Zeros	361
Zeros (%)	10.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	56.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	3
median	7
Q3	11
95-th percentile	14
Maximum	14
Range	14
Interquartile range (IQR)	8

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.4099925
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.63787646
Kurtosis	-1.2195968
Mean	6.9135527
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	4
Skewness	-0.016277514
Sum	24792
Variance	19.448034
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=15)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	361	10.1%
2	302	8.4%
5	254	7.1%
14	241	6.7%
12	240	6.7%
7	239	6.7%
11	238	6.6%
13	237	6.6%
9	237	6.6%
10	236	6.6%
Other values (5)	1001	27.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	361	10.1%
1	132	3.7%
2	302	8.4%
3	197	5.5%
4	212	5.9%
5	254	7.1%
6	226	6.3%
7	239	6.7%
8	234	6.5%
9	237	6.6%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
14	241	6.7%
13	237	6.6%
12	240	6.7%
11	238	6.6%
10	236	6.6%
9	237	6.6%
8	234	6.5%
7	239	6.7%
6	226	6.3%
5	254	7.1%

Auto

Heatmap
Table

	Unnamed: 0	score	upvote_ratio	num_questions_title	num_questions_body	num_cite	year	month	day	title_len	body_len	tag_index	edit	nice	upvote_bins	score_bins	tag	author_kind	bold_B
Unnamed: 0	1.000	-0.464	-0.258	-0.063	0.073	-0.051	0.355	-0.508	-0.009	-0.140	0.074	-0.004	-0.060	-0.092	-0.259	-0.465	0.102	0.142	0.000
score	-0.464	1.000	0.738	0.113	-0.339	-0.015	-0.362	0.062	0.028	0.257	-0.322	-0.048	0.047	0.046	0.740	0.998	0.189	0.150	0.000
upvote_ratio	-0.258	0.738	1.000	0.079	-0.269	-0.025	-0.005	0.002	0.042	0.239	-0.249	-0.087	-0.012	0.017	0.994	0.736	0.098	0.097	0.000
num_questions_title	-0.063	0.113	0.079	1.000	-0.133	-0.030	-0.084	0.033	0.009	0.338	-0.146	-0.011	0.012	-0.005	0.080	0.112	0.000	0.000	0.000
num_questions_body	0.073	-0.339	-0.269	-0.133	1.000	0.236	0.223	-0.038	0.026	-0.272	0.895	0.027	0.086	0.246	-0.266	-0.337	0.000	0.085	0.000
num_cite	-0.051	-0.015	-0.025	-0.030	0.236	1.000	-0.003	0.005	0.049	0.028	0.344	0.038	0.017	0.119	-0.022	-0.016	0.368	0.326	0.000
year	0.355	-0.362	-0.005	-0.084	0.223	-0.003	1.000	-0.127	-0.011	-0.123	0.244	-0.116	-0.077	-0.056	-0.008	-0.365	0.162	0.157	0.007
month	-0.508	0.062	0.002	0.033	-0.038	0.005	-0.127	1.000	-0.044	0.037	-0.043	0.027	0.004	0.007	-0.002	0.063	0.087	0.048	0.000
day	-0.009	0.028	0.042	0.009	0.026	0.049	-0.011	-0.044	1.000	0.021	0.035	-0.019	0.003	0.024	0.040	0.027	0.044	0.000	0.000
title_len	-0.140	0.257	0.239	0.338	-0.272	0.028	-0.123	0.037	0.021	1.000	-0.224	-0.024	-0.020	0.000	0.237	0.255	0.077	0.076	0.000
body_len	0.074	-0.322	-0.249	-0.146	0.895	0.344	0.244	-0.043	0.035	-0.224	1.000	0.022	0.109	0.274	-0.245	-0.321	0.260	0.285	0.000
tag_index	-0.004	-0.048	-0.087	-0.011	0.027	0.038	-0.116	0.027	-0.019	-0.024	0.022	1.000	0.005	0.005	-0.089	-0.047	0.997	0.083	0.031
edit	-0.060	0.047	-0.012	0.012	0.086	0.017	-0.077	0.004	0.003	-0.020	0.109	0.005	1.000	0.244	-0.013	0.047	0.000	0.000	0.000
nice	-0.092	0.046	0.017	-0.005	0.246	0.119	-0.056	0.007	0.024	0.000	0.274	0.005	0.244	1.000	0.020	0.048	0.083	0.040	0.060
upvote_bins	-0.259	0.740	0.994	0.080	-0.266	-0.022	-0.008	-0.002	0.040	0.237	-0.245	-0.089	-0.013	0.020	1.000	0.738	0.098	0.097	0.000
score_bins	-0.465	0.998	0.736	0.112	-0.337	-0.016	-0.365	0.063	0.027	0.255	-0.321	-0.047	0.047	0.048	0.738	1.000	0.087	0.090	0.038
tag	0.102	0.189	0.098	0.000	0.000	0.368	0.162	0.087	0.044	0.077	0.260	0.997	0.000	0.083	0.098	0.087	1.000	0.177	0.000
author_kind	0.142	0.150	0.097	0.000	0.085	0.326	0.157	0.048	0.000	0.076	0.285	0.083	0.000	0.040	0.097	0.090	0.177	1.000	0.000
bold_B	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.007	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.031	0.000	0.060	0.000	0.038	0.000	0.000	1.000

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

The correlation heatmap measures nullity correlation: how strongly the presence or absence of one variable affects the presence of another.

First rows
Last rows

	Unnamed: 0	title	body	tag	datetime	author	score	upvote_ratio	url	num_questions_title	num_questions_body	num_cite	year	month	day	title_len	body_len	tag_index	nice	upvote_bins	score_bins
285	285	Where in your body does your food turn brown?	I know this is maybe a stupid question, but poop is brown, but when you throw up your throw up is just the color of your food. Where does your body make your food brown? (Sorry for my crappy English)\n\nEdit: Thank you guys so much for the anwers and thanks dor the gold. This post litteraly started by a friend and me just joking around. Thanks	human body	2019-04-01 10:59:58	Ayko03	10827	0.92	https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/b863wm/where_in_your_body_does_your_food_turn_brown/	1	2	0	2019	4	1	45	343	0	3	16	13
3726	3726	Is the Omicron variant affecting the heart like the earlier COVID variants were? Are cardiac effects less likely if one is vaccinated?	NaN	covid-19	2022-02-07 14:39:54	uoflcards22	6	0.66	https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/sn3a8e/is_the_omicron_variant_affecting_the_heart_like/	2	0	0	2022	2	7	134	0	7	0	6	2
4188	4188	Why does the water pull back before a tsunami?	NaN	earth sciences	2022-01-13 14:08:14	BiLeftHanded	3	0.62	https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/s3b34v/why_does_the_water_pull_back_before_a_tsunami/	1	0	0	2022	1	13	46	0	8	0	4	1
1336	1336	Why do isotopes have a fractional atomic mass?	As the question asks, why do specific isotopes not have a whole number atomic mass? For instance, Ag-109 has an atomic mass of 108.9047558 amu and not just 109. Or Ag-107 has a mass of 106.9050915 amu.	chemistry	2022-11-12 10:23:09	MSPaintIsBetter	6	0.88	https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/yteky2/why_do_isotopes_have_a_fractional_atomic_mass/	1	2	0	2022	11	12	46	201	15	0	15	2
2508	2508	Wolfram Alpha says that the UK's life expectancy for men is 77 years. It then says that the chance of living past 80 is 51%. So if most people will live past 80, how can the life expectancy be less?	Source: http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=uk+life+expectancy+for+men&dataset=	mathematics	2012-12-26 04:30:15	Briggykins	2	0.53	https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/15grw8/wolfram_alpha_says_that_the_uks_life_expectancy/	1	2	1	2012	12	26	198	80	19	0	1	0
1240	1240	When a military helicopter fires thousands of rounds while hovering still, does the operator have to slow the rotor to compensate for weight loss?	NaN	physics	2022-11-21 04:42:50	Legitimate-BurnerAcc	81	0.81	https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/z0y2dl/when_a_military_helicopter_fires_thousands_of/	1	0	0	2022	11	21	146	0	2	0	12	7
3997	3997	How do chemists predict chemical compositions and their properties?	How do chemists predict how a chemical reaction or product will behave, I understand how and why molecules combine themselves in the structures they end up in (like H2O for example) I also understand things like the acidity, charge and reactivity of the different elements. But the thing I can't wrap my head around is how we know about the ways a certain molecule will behave, take for example table salt, it is composed of 2 individually dangerous elements but the molecule they produce in this case is completely harmless.\nSo how do chemists predict how these compositions behave.\nI am a aspiring material / composite engineer (mostly self taught)	chemistry	2022-01-24 02:43:21	Mandoart-Studios	11	0.87	https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/sbje6x/how_do_chemists_predict_chemical_compositions_and/	1	1	0	2022	1	24	67	650	15	0	14	4
2339	2339	Is our gravity here on Earth determined by the planet's mass, or its rotational speed?	If the force put on us by the spinning Earth is similar to that of a centrifuge, is the gravitational force we feel coming from that spinning, or the mass of the Earth itself?	physics	2016-02-06 12:12:30	FinestInPullman	1	0.53	https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/44hwaw/is_our_gravity_here_on_earth_determined_by_the/	1	1	0	2016	2	6	86	175	2	0	1	0
474	474	How worried should we be about the Clathrate Gun?	[Clathrate gun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clathrate_gun_hypothesis)\n\nYear after year is becoming hotter than the last. \n\nScientists are being ['caught off-guard'](http://www.reuters.com/article/us-weather-climatechange-science-idUSKCN1061RH?rpc=401) by record temperatures. \n\nNatalia Shakhova [says](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kx1Jxk6kjbQ) we may have only DECADES before things get really bad.\n\n[This thread](https://www.reddit.com/r/worldnews/comments/4ur3qh/scientists_caught_offguard_by_record_temperatures/) yesterday really scared the shit out of me. Are things really this dire? Could the human race be gone in less than 100 years?	earth sciences	2016-07-27 07:08:31	claxius	8932	0.82	https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/4uus54/how_worried_should_we_be_about_the_clathrate_gun/	1	4	4	2016	7	27	49	649	8	0	12	12
304	304	If you were to sky-dive in the rain, would water hit your stomach, back, or both?	NaN	physics	2018-12-04 07:16:58	LEGSwhodoyoustandfor	10514	0.93	https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/a31jrd/if_you_were_to_skydive_in_the_rain_would_water/	1	0	0	2018	12	4	81	0	2	0	17	13

	Unnamed: 0	title	body	tag	datetime	author	score	upvote_ratio	url	num_questions_title	num_questions_body	num_cite	year	month	day	title_len	body_len	tag_index	upvote_bins	score_bins
3371	3371	When I ignite methanol, is it only the fumes that's on fire, or is it the liquid burning itself?	NaN	chemistry	2022-03-05 03:25:29	Ludvik_Pytlicek	8	0.83	https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/t77ih8/when_i_ignite_methanol_is_it_only_the_fumes_thats/	1	0	0	2022	3	5	96	0	15	13	3
2499	2499	Are 1.000...001 and 1.000...009 different numbers?	So I get that .999... and 1.000... are both equal to 1, but I got to thinking. Would something like 1.00..001 and 1.00..009, even though the 1 and the 9 are both arbitrarily small, have any kind of appreciable differences?\n\nDoes it even make sense to put some kind of terminating value following infinitely many 0s?	mathematics	2017-03-11 06:06:12	BabiesDrivingGoKarts	4	0.56	https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/5yssi2/are_1000001_and_1000009_different_numbers/	1	2	0	2017	3	11	50	315	19	2	2
2868	2868	When eyeballs are donated by an organ donor, does the left eyeball have to be put in the left eye socket of the new body, and vice versa?	NaN	human body	2021-11-19 05:44:50	skyebullock	11017	0.95	https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/qxgi1o/when_eyeballs_are_donated_by_an_organ_donor_does/	1	0	0	2021	11	19	137	0	0	17	13
1353	1353	How did the Rocky Mountains form?	How did the Rockies form so far inland? I’ve heard conflicting theories. Either there is a fault in the plates right around the Rocky’s foothills, or the Pacific plate went underneath the North American plate and pushed up underneath like an ingrown hair. Someone in geology please point me in the right direction.	earth sciences	2022-11-13 06:37:13	RedStarBenny888	86	0.77	https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/yu3ff9/how_did_the_rocky_mountains_form/	1	2	0	2022	11	13	33	314	8	10	7
3263	3263	is it Known exactly which wolf/canine species modern dogs were bred fromand what region this occurred in?	NaN	biology	2022-03-12 12:04:23	Mahxiac	10	0.86	https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/tcply5/is_it_known_exactly_which_wolfcanine_species/	1	0	0	2022	3	12	105	0	4	14	4
3259	3259	How do smoking cessation medications decrease withdrawal effects?	I have looked into the mechanism of action for smoking cessation medications like Chantix and Bupropion. They are stated to be efficacious by binding to the α4β2 sub-type of the nicotinic receptor where it produces agonist activity, while simultaneously preventing nicotine binding to these receptors. \n\nThe part that confuses me is how it decreases the withdrawal effects. If the medication is acting as an agonist to nicotine receptors to block the dopamine system stimulation provided by nicotine — wouldn’t you still experience the same withdrawal by the lack of dopamine stimulation that you would experience by quitting without the help of cessation aids?\n\nTl;Dr: Based on my understanding of the mechanism, it seems that medications would ‘discourage’ smoking as it would remove the dopamine stimulation that smoking would give you, but doesn’t explain how it would decrease withdrawal effects.	medicine	2022-03-12 19:13:11	tatro36	6	0.80	https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/tcxq9q/how_do_smoking_cessation_medications_decrease/	1	2	0	2022	3	12	65	901	3	11	2
630	630	Is there any validity to the claim that Epsom salts "Increase the relaxing effects of a warm bath after strenuous exertion"? If so, what is the Underlying mechanism for this effect?	This claim is printed in wide type on this box of ES we've got & my baloney detector is tingling.\n\nEDIT/UPDATE: Just a reminder to please remain on topic and refrain from anecdotal evidence and hearsay. If you have relevant expertise and can back up what you say with peer-reviewed literature, that's fine. Side-discussions about recreational drug use, effects on buoyancy, sensory deprivation tanks and just plain old off topic ramblings, while possibly very interesting, are being pruned off as off-topic, as per sub policy.\n\nSo far, what I'm taking of this is that there exists some literature claiming that some of the magnesium might be absorbed through the skin (thank you user /u/locused), but that whether that claim is credible or not, or whether the amounts are sufficient to have an effect is debatable or yet to be proven, as pointed out by several other users.	medicine	2017-04-17 07:43:22	Gargatua13013	7977	0.87	https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/65vy4z/is_there_any_validity_to_the_claim_that_epsom/	2	1	0	2017	4	17	181	873	3	14	11
1602	1602	How hard were ancient arthropod exoskeletons?	So from the human perspective, modern arthropod exoskeletons are quite weak. I can crush even relatively large insects without much effort. However, we know that hundreds of millions of years ago there existed giant arthropods. How hard would their exoskeletons have been? If I was transported back to the carboniferous and faced a giant centipede would I be able to do anything to its "armor?"\n\nI'm assuming there is a relationship between the volume of the creature and the thickness of the chitin, like the whole square-cube law thing, but I don't know nearly enough about it.	paleontology	2022-10-24 11:54:21	TrillCozbey	17	0.85	https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ycjdk0/how_hard_were_ancient_arthropod_exoskeletons/	1	3	0	2022	10	24	45	579	6	13	5
373	373	How can a vessel contain 100M degrees celsius?	This is within context of the KSTAR project, but I'm curious how a material can contain that much heat. \n\n100,000,000°c seems like an ABSURD amount of heat to contain.\n\nIs it strictly a feat of material science, or is there more at play? (chemical shielding, etc) \n\nhttps://phys.org/news/2020-12-korean-artificial-sun-world-sec-long.html	engineering	2020-12-26 07:43:50	therealkevinard	9785	0.94	https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/kkkh6k/how_can_a_vessel_contain_100m_degrees_celsius/	1	2	1	2020	12	26	46	337	13	17	12
51	51	Why are Primates incapable of Human speech, while lesser animals such as Parrots can emulate Human speech?	NaN	biology	2018-01-06 14:00:18	HBOTB2	21714	0.86	https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/7omaq1/why_are_primates_incapable_of_human_speech_while/	1	0	0	2018	1	6	106	0	4	14	14

Overview

Variables

Common Values

Length

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Uppercase Letter

Other Punctuation

Decimal Number

Math Symbol

Final Punctuation

Initial Punctuation

Dash Punctuation

Close Punctuation

Open Punctuation

Space Separator

Modifier Symbol

Currency Symbol

Other Symbol

Control

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Common

Greek

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Punctuation

None

Math Operators

Common Values

Length

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Uppercase Letter

Other Punctuation

Decimal Number

Math Symbol

Other Number

Open Punctuation

Other Symbol

Control

Dash Punctuation

Close Punctuation

Space Separator

Final Punctuation

Initial Punctuation

Modifier Symbol

Modifier Letter

Connector Punctuation

Currency Symbol

Format

Other Letter

Nonspacing Mark

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Common

Latin

Greek

Inherited

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Punctuation

None

Modifier Letters

Emoticons

Latin Ext Additional

Math Operators

IPA Ext

Alphabetic PF

Diacriticals

Common Values

Length

Most occurring characters